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Plan of Action (BAPA)
The
Buenos Aires Plan of Action (BAPA)
The Buenos Aires
Plan of Action (BAPA) represents a major milestone in the evolution of technical
cooperation among developing countries (TCDC) in that it provides the conceptual
underpinning as well as a practical guide for realizing the objectives of TCDC.
Since its adoption
in 1978, several decisions and resolutions reaffirming the validity and importance
of TCDC have been adopted by the UN General Assembly, ECOSOC, the UNDP Executive
Board and the High-Level Committee on TCDC. ECOSOC Resolution 1992/41 calls
upon all parties in the development effort to give the TCDC option "first
consideration" in their technical cooperation activities. The resolution
invites all countries and the United Nations development system to review their
existing policies and procedures in order to improve the environment for TCDC
and facilitate its widespread use. The publication of the Report of the South
Commission in 1990 has also given added impetus to TCDC.
Within recent months,
increased emphasis has been placed by both developing and developed countries
on TCDC as a vital instrument for fostering South-South cooperation and as an
important complement to traditional North-South development cooperation. In
this context, the Special Unit for TCDC (SU/TCDC) has sought to adopt a more
strategic orientation in its work in order to increase the development impact
of its activities in support of the overall objectives of South-South cooperation.
In its effort, BAPA remains a remarkably relevant guide for promoting national
and collective self-reliance as a key strategy for responding to the development
challenges facing the developing countries in a rapidly changing and increasingly
complex international environment. SU/TCDC is therefore pleased to reissue BAPA
in order to satisfy increasing demand for the publication.
Denis Benn
Director Special Unit for TCDC
November
1994
A New Dimension
in International Cooperation for Development
On 12 September
1978 in Buenos Aires, capital of Argentina, delegations from 138 States adopted
by consensus a Plan of Action for Promoting and Implementing Technical Cooperation
among Developing Countries (TCDC). They gave it the name of the city that had
been host to their United Nations Conference on TCDC. The consensus adoption
of the Buenos Aires Plan of Action marked the full success of this Conference,
tributes to which were still being paid in the United Nations General Assembly
when, in December 1978, it resolved to endorse the Plan and urged all Governments
and elements of the United Nations system to implement its recommendations.
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The
Conference Emblem
A symbolic new
bridge joining the countries and people of the Southern hemisphere was adopted
as the emblem of the United Nations Conference on Technical Cooperation among
Developing Countries.
The centre of the
Conference emblem - where the Southern, Northern, Eastern and Western parts
of the world all join - symbolizes a further and ultimate objective of TCDC
and the 1978 United Nations Conference: The enhancement of truly global partnership
for development.
The Plan of Action
may well be the most exhaustively, carefully debated document of its kind. Fully
five years of detailed, progressively expanding analysis and discussion of the
need for and potential of technical co-operation among developing countries
— at national and regional levels, in expert groups and intergovernmental
meetings, and at the headquarters of the United Nations Development Programme
and the other agencies and organizations of the United Nations development system
— went into the drafting of the Plan. At the Buenos Aires Plan Conference
itself, hundreds of government specialists in development from all over the
world, including 45 Cabinet Ministers, 41 Deputy Ministers, and 81 heads of
departments of development planning and co-operation, studied and debated every
line of the draft with special determination, often working late into the night.
The resultant Plan
is a detailed blueprint for major changes in approaches to development assistance
and for a dramatically heightened emphasis on national and collective self-reliance
among developing countries as foundations for a new international economic order.
The Plan is not
a "read once and put away" document. It needs reading again and again
to identify, in the necessarily compressed language of each Objective and Recommendation,
the concrete and urgent development problems which they seek to overcome. Every
national and international institution involved in any degree in development
will wish to use it continuously as a checklist of factors necessary to consider
in programme and project design, resource selection, and evaluation.
The actions identified
will offer guidance for such purposes for a decade or more ahead. They amount
to prescriptions of new ways, newly perceived and strengthened capacities, which
can give major additional impetus to the attack on world poverty and underdevelopment
and the establishment of a new international economic order. To enable development
workers everywhere to have constant access to this vital new blueprint, UNDP
is pleased to be able to publish the full and exact text in this more durable
form, together with the General Assembly Resolution endorsing it. Additional
copies are readily available from the Special Unit for Technical Co-operation
among Developing Countries, Room 1230, 304 East 45 Street, New York, New York
10017.
Buenos Aires Plan
of Action for Promoting and Implementing Technical Co-operation among Developing
Countries
The United Nations
Conference on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries
Having convened
in Buenos Aires, from 30 August to 12 September 1978 pursuant to General Assembly
resolutions 31/179 of 21 December 1976 and 32/183 of 19 December 1977 on technical
co-operation among developing countries.
1. Adopts the following
Plan of Action for Promoting and Implementing Technical Co-operation among Developing
Countries;
2. Decides that
it be known as the "Buenos Aires Plan of Action";
3. Urges all Governments,
the entire United Nations Development system and the international community
as a whole, to take effective action for its implementation.
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I. Introduction
1. The United Nations
Conference on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries comes at a critical
point in the evolution of relations among developing countries themselves and
between them and developed countries.
2. Profound changes
are taking place in international political and economic relationships. When
the principal institutions of the present international system were first established,
a group of industrialized countries were dominant in world affairs. However,
the historic process of decolonization now makes it possible for a large number
of States, representing an overwhelming proportion of the world's population,
to participate in international affairs. Moreover, substantial changes are taking
place at the world level in the control and distribution of resources and in
the capabilities and needs of nations. As a result of these changes and other
international developments, the expansion of international relations and co-operation
and the interdependence of nations are progressively increasing. Interdependence,
however, demands sovereign and equal participation in the conduct of international
relations and the equitable distribution of benefits.
3. The international
system is in a state of ferment. Concepts, political and economic positions,
institutions and relationships must be adjusted to the new realities and changing
perceptions. It is in this perspective that the countries of the developing
world have made their call for the new international economic order as an expression
of their political will and their determination, based on the principles of
national and collective self-reliance, to work towards a new pattern of international
relations more appropriate to the real circumstances and reflecting fully the
interests of the world community as a whole.
4. There is a growing
recognition of the urgency and magnitude of the problems that are being faced
and will increasingly be faced by the world community in the future. The problems
of development—social and economic, national and international—demand
greatly increased, concerted efforts by the developing and developed countries
if the new international economic order is to be a reality. While the progress
of the developing countries depends primarily on their own efforts, that progress
is also affected by the policies and performance of the developed countries.
At the same time, it is evident that, as a consequence of widening international
relations, co-operation and interdependence in many fields, the progress of
the developed countries is now, and will increasingly be, affected by the policies
and performance of the developing countries.
5. in this historic
new stage of progress towards the attainment of the new international economic
order, technical co-operation among developing countries (TCDC) is becoming
a critically important dimension. It is a means of building communication and
of promoting wider and more effective co-operation among developing countries.
It is a vital force for initiating, designing, organizing and promoting co-operation
among developing countries so that they can create, acquire, adapt, transfer
and pool knowledge and experience for their mutual benefit and for achieving
national and collective self-reliance, which are essential for their social
and economic development.
6. This form of
co-operation is not new. A large number of co-operative activities have been
carried out among developing countries over the years and many are now in progress.
What is new, however, is that co-operation among developing countries is now
perceived by those countries to be increasingly important in promoting sound
development in the present world context. Furthermore, the difficulties currently
encountered by the world economy make it even more necessary for the developing
countries to evolve strategies based on greater national and collective self-reliance,
for which TCDC is an important instrument. This in no way reduces the responsibility
of developed countries to undertake the necessary policy measures, in particular,
the increase of development assistance for accelerated development of developing
countries.
7. TCDC is a multidimensional
process. It can be bilateral or multilateral in scope, and subregional, regional
or interregional in character. It should be organized by and between Governments
which can promote, for this purpose, the participation of public organizations
and, within the framework of the policies laid down by Governments, that of
private organizations and individuals. It may rely on innovative approaches,
methods and techniques particularly adapted to local needs and, at the same
time, use existing modalities of technical co-operation to the extent that these
are useful. While the main flows of technical co-operation visualized would
be between two or more developing countries, the support of developed countries
and of regional and interregional institutions may be necessary.
8. TCDC is neither
an end in itself nor a substitute for technical co-operation with developed
countries. Increased technical co-operation of the developed countries is required
for the transfer of appropriate technologies and also for the transfer of advanced
technologies and other expertise in which they have manifest advantages. Further
contributions from the developed countries are required for the enhancement
of technological capabilities of developing countries through support to relevant
institutions in those countries. TCDC can serve the purpose of increasing the
capacity of developing countries to adapt and absorb appropriate inputs from
developed countries.
9. The importance
of co-operation among developing countries in general, and of technical co-operation
in particular, has been recognized in a series of declarations, resolutions
and decisions of the United Nations General Assembly and other bodies. In its
most recent resolution on the Conference (resolution 32/183 of 19 December 1977),
the General Assembly, recalling its earlier resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202
(S-VI) of 1 May 1974 containing the Declaration and the Programme of Action
on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, 3281 (XXIX) of 12
December 1974 containing the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States
and 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 on development and international economic
co-operation, recognized that the basic objectives of technical co-operation
among developing countries were the furthering of the national and collective
self-reliance of developing countries and the enhancement of their creative
capacity to solve their development problems. The same objectives, within a
broader context, had been strongly supported at the Fifth Conference of Heads
of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Colombo from 16 to
19 August 19761, at the Conference on Economic Co-operation among Developing
Countries, held at Mexico City from 13 to 22 September 19762, by the Cairo Declaration
of March 1977 on Afro-Arab Cooperation3, at the First Conference of Ministers
of Labour of the non-aligned and other developing countries, held at Tunis from
24 to 26 April 1978, which adopted a programme of action and co-operation in
the spheres of employment and the development of human resources4, and most
recently by the Declaration and Action Programme for Economic Co-operation adopted
by the Conference of Foreign Ministers of Non-Aligned Countries held at Belgrade
in July 19785.
10. The General
Assembly, by it s resolution 32/182 of 19 December 1977 endorsed the recommendations
of the Working Group on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries6 as
modified by the relevant decisions on technical co-operation among developing
countries adopted at the eighteenth, twenty-third and twenty-fourth sessions
of the Governing Council of the United Nations Development. Programme,
thus recognizing that those recommendations represented a substitute contribution
to the development of TCDC, especially within and by the United Nations development
system.
11. The Kuwait
Declaration on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries of 5 June 1977,
following four regional inter-governmental meetings on the subject, states that
"TCDC is a historical imperative brought about by the need for a new international
order. It is a conscious, systematic and politically motivated process developed
to create a framework of multiple links between developing countries.7 The Kuwait
Declaration was recognized in resolution CM/Res.560 (XXIX), adopted by the Council
of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity at its twenty- ninth ordinary
session held at Libreville from 23 June to 5 July 19778. It was further endorsed
by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African
Unity at its thirty-first ordinary session, held at Khartoum from 7 to 18 July
1978.12. Technical co-operation among developing countries has emerged as a
new dimension of international co-operation for development, which gives expression
to the developing world's determination to achieve national and collective self-reliance
and to the need to bring about the new international economic order. Its emergence
and rationale should therefore be viewed in this global perspective, in the
light of experience gained from international technical assistance and in the
light of the conclusions reached by previous United Nations world conferences
that had a bearing on development and co- operation.
13. TCDC as well
as other forms of co-operation among all countries must be based on strict observance
of national sovereignty, economic independence, equal rights and non-interference
in domestic affairs of nations, irrespective of their size, level of development
and social and economic systems.
14. The strengthening
of TCDC must constitute an important component of any future strategy which
seeks to accelerate development, to enhance human dignity and progress, and
to improve the performance of the world economy as a whole.
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II. Objectives
15. The basic objectives
of TCDC, which are interdependent and mutually supportive contribute to the
wider objectives of the development of the developing countries and international
development co-operation. They reinforce those of closely related forms of co-operation,
including economic co-operation among developing countries, for which TCDC is
a key instrument. The objectives are:
- To foster the
self-reliance of developing countries through the enhancement of their creative
capacity to find solutions to other development problems in keeping with their
own aspirations, values and special needs;
- To promote and
strengthen collective self-reliance among developing countries through exchanges
of experience, the pooling, sharing and utilization of their technical resources,
and the development of their complementary capacities;
- To strengthen
the capacity of developing countries to identify and analyse together the
main issues of their development and to formulate the requisite strategies
in the conduct of their international economic relations, through pooling
of knowledge available in those countries through joint studies by their existing
institutions, with a view to establishing the new international economic order;
- To increase
the quantum and enhance the quality of international co-operation as well
as to improve the effectiveness of the resources devoted to over-all technical
co- operation through the pooling of capacities;
- To strengthen
existing technological capacities in the developing countries, including the
traditional sector, to improve the effectiveness with which such capacities
are used and to create new capacities and capabilities and in this context
to promote the transfer of technology and skills appropriate to their resource
endowments and the development potential of the developing countries so as
to strengthen their individual and collective self-reliance;
- To increase
and improve communications among developing countries, leading to a greater
awareness of common problems and wider access to available knowledge and experience
as well as the creation of new knowledge in tackling problems of development;
- To improve the
capacity of developing countries for the absorption and adaptation of technology
and skill to meeting their specific developmental needs;
- To recognize
and respond to the problems and requirements of the least developed, land-locked,
island developing and most seriously affected countries;
- To enable developing
countries to attain a greater degree of participation in international economic
activities and to expand international co-operation.
16. TCDC clearly
serves many other purposes, such as overcoming attitudinal barriers, increasing
developing countries' confidence in each other's technical capabilities and
enhancing the process of harmonization of their interests so as to take fully
into account, within the context of the fundamental concept of solidarity, their
specific subregional, regional and interregional characteristics, particularly
by identifying priorities in such fields as transport and communications, employment,
development and exchange of human resources, as well as agriculture and industry.
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III. Action
to be taken
17. The recommendations
formulated below should strengthen and support co-operation among developing
countries, for example, and without implying an indication of priority, through
the implementation of current activities and programmes of action decided upon
by the developing countries, in such fields as employment and development of
human resources, fisheries, food and agriculture, health, industrialization,
information, integration of women in development, monetary and financial co-operation,
raw materials, science and technology, technical co-operation and consultancy
service, telecommunications, tourism, trade, and transport and communications.
These recommendations should also facilitate the formulation of programmes of
co-operation in other sectors.
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A. Action
at the national level
18. The primary
objectives of the following recommendations for action at the national level
are: to increase the awareness in each developing country of its own capabilities,
skills and experience, and of those available in other developing countries,
to establish and strengthen the necessary supportive arrangements - institutions,
information, human and other resources—on which TCDC must be firmly based;
to identify specific opportunities for TCDC, and to enhance the capacities of
developing countries to organize and implement expeditiously and effectively
projects with a TCDC dimension. While such actions would clearly be the responsibility
of each developing country, the support of other developing countries, developed
countries and international organizations where requested, could make important
contributions. In the implementation of the recommendations set out below, the
United Nations development system would be expected to extend its fullest support
when requested to do so by Governments.
19. Bilateral co-operation
among developing countries represents an important form of TCDC and an instrument
for forging links between national and collective self-reliance. Therefore,
the main aim of recommendations concerning bilateral co-operation is to stimulate,
intensify and improve it in substance, forms and mechanisms.
Recommendations
I. National programming for technical co- operation among developing countries
20. In formulating
its national development plan or programme, each developing country should endeavour
to identify its potential for TCDC. Such a process should include evaluation
of its experience in relevant sectors of economic and social development that
may have a bearing on the needs of other developing countries. On this basis,
the Government may consider national requirements in research, technology, skills,
consultancy services and training facilities and employment strategies that
can be met most effectively through co-operation with other developing countries,
as well as the contributions in respect of these which it can make for the benefit
of other developing countries.
Recommendation
2. Adoption of policies and regulations favourable to technical co-operation
among developing countries
21. Each developing
country should consider adopting policies favourable to TCDC, and working out
the legal and administrative framework for effective and equitable co-operation,
taking into account practices already established on the basis of formal conventions,
thus ensuring their widest possible applicability and acceptance. The framework
should cover the administrative and legal arrangements concerning the entry,
employment, obligations, privileges and immunities of experts and consultants,
arrangements concerning fellowships, the use of contractors and other specialist
services, entry of equipment and supplies, fiscal and currency regimes favourable
to TCDC and also financial arrangements aimed at an equitable sharing of costs.
It should also cover appropriate administrative and legal arrangements embracing,
inter alia, arrangements to facilitate the sending of technical and professional
personnel abroad without jeopardizing the terms and prospects of their regular
employment on their return, as well as the provision of consultancy services,
the supply of equipment and the granting of fellowships and apprenticeships.
Recommendation
3. National mechanisms for promoting technical co-operation among developing
countries
22. Each developing
country should, as appropriate, organize flexible mechanisms or strengthen them
where they already exist in order to promote TCDC, to facilitate the co- ordination
of TCDC activities at the national level and their incorporation into the national
development programmes. Such mechanisms may involve the participation of public
and private sector representatives to enable close interaction with government
bodies and other sectoral organizations.
Recommendation
4. The strengthening of national information systems for technical co-operation
among developing countries
23. Each developing
country should take adequate steps to strengthen the gathering, processing and
dissemination of information covering the availability of national capacities,
knowledge and experience for application and use in TCDC, if necessary with
the support of the information systems of the United Nations development system,
and particularly of the Information Referral System (INRES) of the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP), as well as official, professional and other sources.
Governments of
developing countries should further intensify their co-operation with the appropriate
bodies at the regional, interregional and global levels for the pooling of such
information so as to facilitate the communication to other developing countries
of the availability of such resources and opportunities for TCDC. These bodies
should secure the information for TCDC through Governments and entities officially
designated by them and disseminate it through the channels established for this
purpose by Governments.
Recommendation
5. The improvement of existing institutions
24. Since a strong
institutional base is essential for viable TCDC, developing countries should
individually identify and assess the effectiveness and potential of national
institutions for the purpose, and adopt measures, wherever necessary, to improve
their effectiveness and enhance their potential. National organizations of developing
countries working on common problems can make valuable contribution to the expansion
of TCDC. Such organizations could organize operational collaboration so as to
achieve a mutuality of relationships. Such collaboration would strengthen their
own capabilities by sharing work and experience with others working on the same
problems at various levels of complexity and in diverse environments, and also,
where feasible, by sharing responsibilities for common training activities.
Recommendation
6. Promotion of national research and training centres with multinational
scope
25. Developing
countries should encourage existing national research and training centres to
broaden their scope of activities to include programmes and projects which are
of interest to several countries at a subregional, regional and interregional
level. While existing national centres should be utilized for this purpose to
the maximum extent possible, where necessary, new centres may be created for
the same purpose.
Recommendation
7. The promotion of greater technological self-reliance
26. Developing
countries should make every effort to strengthen their scientific and technological
capabilities to suit their special needs, values and resource endowments by
formulating, where necessary, technology plans as an integral part of their
national development plans; establishing scientific and technological data banks;
encouraging indigenous research and development activities for the attainment
of their development objectives; combining research efforts and sharing their
results with one another by means of agreements on scientific and technical
co-operation, strengthening national design, national laboratories, research
centres and scientific and other institutions; and linking their national research
and development institutions, where appropriate, to those in other developing
countries, including linkage through the regional centres on transfer and development
of technology, developing countries should undertake special efforts to strengthen
their national potentials in engineering and consultancy services by improving
the professional standards, organizing training and research. Broad exchange
of experiences in this field among developing countries is an indispensable
component of national and collective self-reliance.
Recommendation
8. The formulation, orientation and sharing of policy experiences with respect
to science and technology
27. In view of
the important role of science and technology in the development of developing
countries, and bearing in mind the successful experience of several developing
countries in applying science and technology in their development process, developing
countries should, wherever possible, exchange among themselves their experiences
in the formulation and implementation of their plans and policies for the orientation
of science and the transfer and development of technology to their own development
objectives, needs and capabilities.
Recommendation
9. The promotion of greater self-reliance in the economic and social spheres
28. The Governments
of developing countries should intensify their efforts to promote national and
collective self- reliance by strengthening their mutual contacts and communications
by exchanging experience, and by undertaking programmes and projects, including
joint ones, in areas of mutual interest in the economic and social sectors.
Recommendation
10. Technical co-operation among developing countries in the cultural spheres
29. The Governments
of developing countries should, in order to affirm the cultural identity of
their peoples and to enrich and strengthen their collective capacity with a
greater awareness of the culture and heritage of other developing countries,
increasingly employ TCDC mechanisms to foster cultural and educational links
and to strengthen mutual knowledge by promoting exchanges and co-operation in
the social sciences, education and culture.
Recommendation
11. The encouragement of technical co-operation among developing countries
through professional and technical organizations
30. The Governments
of developing countries should encourage and facilitate co-operation among professional,
and technical organizations in their TCDC activities in their own countries
and in other developing countries.
Recommendation
12. The expansion of TCDC through national public and private enterprises
and institutions
31. Having regard
to the important and growing contribution that enterprises and institutions
in the public sector are making to national development in the developing countries
and the rich fund of experience acquired by them over the years, the Governments
of developing countries should endeavour to establish or strengthen suitable
arrangements to encourage and maintain co-operation and communication between
public enterprises and institutions in their own countries and those in other
developing countries, especially with a view to promoting closer technical collaboration.
Similarly, Governments of developing countries should aim at encouraging comparable
arrangements with regard to national private enterprises and institutions, where
applicable.
Recommendation
13. Information and education programmes in support of technical co-operation
among developing countries
32. Governments
and non-governmental organizations of developing countries should undertake
long-term information and education programmes to strengthen their own cultural
identities, to encourage greater awareness of their common development problems
and opportunities, to mobilize public support for self-reliance, and to break
down attitudinal barriers to the expansion of TCDC. The United Nations system
should lend intensive support to such programmes, seeking special additional
resources for that purpose.
Recommendation
14. The expansion of bilateral technical links
33. In order to
facilitate sustained and widening technical co-operation among developing countries,
and since bilateral arrangements constitute one of the fundamental aspects of
this co-operation, the Governments of developing countries should endeavour
to expand bilateral arrangements for promoting TCDC through such mechanisms
as co- operative agreements and programmes, joint commissions, the regular exchange
of information and experience, and the support of initiatives in the public
and private sectors. In this respect developing countries should undertake special
efforts to intensify TCDC through long-term programmes and projects by enhancing
the programming and undertaking special measures for the successful implementation
of those programmes and also by establishing direct linkages among similar institutions.
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B. Action
at the subregional and regional levels
34. TCDC should
be conducted by each State, and at the subregional and regional levels jointly
by all concerned. The following recommendations for action at the subregional
and regional levels should take into account inter alia the need to:
- Strengthen existing
subregional and regional institutions and organizations and thus their capacity
to serve better the needs of each Government concerned in its efforts to co-operate
with others;
- Develop and
strengthen inter-institutional links in important, high-priority substantive
areas, such as those identified at the regional preparatory intergovernmental
meetings for the Conference, designed to draw on the capabilities and experiences
available in the region;
- Reinforce the
capacities available for data collection and analysis in order to provide
systematic and updated information for decision-makers at the national, subregional
and regional levels; and
- Improve regional
information systems for TCDC, particularly those related to technical co-operation
needs which cannot always be expressed simply in the traditional terms of
skills, equipment and training requirements.
Recommendation
15. The strengthening of subregional and regional institutions and organizations
35. All Governments
should endeavour to strengthen the capacities of subregional and regional organizations
to implement TCDC activities and projects. In this connexion the United Nations
development system should support these endeavours, particularly through the
regional commissions, in close collaboration with the regional bureaux of UNDP
and with other bodies of the United Nations development system which have regional
structures or divisions.
Recommendation
16. The identification, development and implementation of initiatives for
technical co-operation among developing countries
36. The appropriate
subregional and regional intergovernmental organizations, at the request of
and in close collaboration with the countries concerned and with the support
of the United Nations regional commissions and other United Nations organizations,
should undertake analyses of technical co-operation needs and capacities within
the respective subregion or region to assist Governments of developing countries
in the identification, development and implementation of TCDC initiatives in
agreed priority areas.
Recommendation
17. The enhancement of contributions by professional and technical organizations
37. The appropriate
subregional and regional intergovernmental organizations, at the request of
and with the support of the United Nations regional commissions and other United
Nations organizations, should conduct appropriate studies at the request of
the Governments concerned and recommend to Governments action programmes to
enhance the contributions of the professional and technical organizations concerned
in support of TCDC.
Recommendation
18. The creation of new links for technical co-operation among developing
countries in important substantive areas
38. The appropriate
subregional and regional intergovernmental organizations, including or with
the support of the regional commissions, at the request of and in close consultation
with the countries involved, should formulate and support TCDC activities and
projects at the subregional and regional levels in such areas of particular
concern as may be identified by Governments individually or jointly. These TCDC
activities and projects should facilitate and strengthen linkages among the
national organizations working to resolve developmental problems, and those
concerned with research and development and the adaptation of technology.
Recommendation
19. Promotion of complementary industrial and agricultural projects at the
subregional and regional levels
39. The appropriate
subregional and regional intergovernmental organizations, in view of the potential
for complementarities, should promote joint projects in industry and agriculture
where the parties concerned specialize in their respective areas of complementarity,
the products of which would have preferential access to the market of the parties
concerned in the subregion or region.
Recommendation
20. The improvement of regional information for technical co-operation among
developing countries
40. The appropriate
subregional and regional intergovernmental organizations, including, or with
the support of, the United Nations regional commissions, at the request of and
in close collaboration with the countries concerned and with the support of
other United Nations organizations should:
- Contribute towards
improving both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the Information
Referral System (INRES) and similar systems being developed by other components
of the United Nations Development system in specialized technical fields in
widening their coverage and utilization of information on technical co-operation
among developing countries;
- Ensure the
effective, speedy and economical pooling and dissemination of information
on the technical co- operation requirements and capacities of the developing
countries within each region drawing on, inter alia, various potential mechanisms
such as institutional networks and professional journals, which should also
aim at overcoming language barriers;
- Prepare or harmonize,
where necessary, sub-regional and regional standards in TCDC information flow.
Recommendation
21. Support to national research and training centres with multinational scope
41. The appropriate
subregional and regional intergovernmental organizations, with the support of
the United Nations development system, should provide, at the request of interested
developing countries, the necessary support to enable national research and
training centres with multinational scope to operate effectively in order to
promote TCDC.
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